Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance in River Waters: Sources, Key Microbes, and Detection Techniques

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, particularly in river waters contaminated by various sources. The prevalence, diversity, and persistence of ARGs in riverine ecosystems are influenced by environmental factors and anthropogenic inputs. Current molecular tools are insufficient, and a strategic research roadmap is needed to standardize ARG quantification methods, define risk assessment thresholds, and establish effective monitoring strategies. Strengthening river water surveillance is crucial for preventing AMR transmission.