The aquatic plastisphere: ecology, pathogen dissemination and antimicrobial resistance

Plastic pollution in aquatic environments has created a new microbial habitat — the “plastisphere” — hosting diverse and dynamic communities. This review shows that these communities differ from those on natural surfaces and can act as hotspots for pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Interactions between microorganisms and changing environmental conditions can promote the spread, evolution, and virulence of resistant bacteria. With climate change further altering these ecosystems, the plastisphere may become an increasingly important public health concern. The authors call for a shift from descriptive research to a more mechanistic, policy-oriented One Health approach to better understand and manage these risks.