Seasonal and environmental drivers of antibiotic resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli from aquaculture and their public health implications

This study examines the impact of environmental stressors on Escherichia coli (E. coli) prevalence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance in Egyptian aquaculture environments. 328 samples were collected from fish farms, and E. coli was identified using selective culture methods and biochemical tests. The study found a high prevalence of E. coli (92.68%), with a significant correlation between bacterial occurrence and elevated water temperatures. Diarrheagenic E. coli was detected in 82.1% of samples, with enterotoxigenic E. coli being the most common. The findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring and improved biosecurity measures to mitigate risks and protect public health.