Nanomedicines in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major global health threat due to its resistance to standard antibiotics and limited treatment options. This review highlights how nanotechnology is emerging as a promising next-generation strategy to overcome these limitations. It outlines several innovative approaches, including metallic nanoparticles that disrupt biofilms and generate reactive oxygen species, advanced materials like mesoporous silica and graphene oxide for targeted drug delivery, and biomimetic or stimuli-responsive systems that release therapies directly at infection sites. Hybrid platforms combining antibiotics, photothermal therapy, or gene-editing tools offer synergistic effects while reducing resistance development. To address delivery challenges, injectable hydrogels can maintain high local drug concentrations in difficult-to-treat infections. While these technologies show strong potential, key hurdles remain around scalability, safety, and regulatory approval. Overall, nanotechnology represents a shift toward precision-engineered therapies that could significantly improve MRSA treatment.