Dynamics of AMR beyond a single bacterial strain: Revealing the existence of multiple equilibria and immune system-dependent transitions

This study examines the transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microbial communities, focusing on the ecological dynamics of microbial competition and the role of the host immune system in eradicating infections. A mathematical model of AMR propagation is proposed, revealing that AMR propagation is primarily influenced by bacterial replication rate and host immune system efficacy. The model reveals nine biologically feasible equilibrium points, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a robust immune system and establishing sensible antibiotic usage guidelines to slow the development and spread of AMR.