Converting pig manure into biochar mitigates the antibiotic resistance of vegetable endophytes

The study investigates the impact of composted manure on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in vegetable endophytes. The research found that biochar from composted pig manure significantly decreased the diversity of ARGs and MGEs in vegetable endophytes. The abundance of ARGs, MGEs, and bacteria was lower in roots treated with biochar compared to compost. The study suggests that biochar derived from manure can effectively mitigate the spread of ARGs from animal waste to vegetable endophytic microbiomes.