A review of antibiotic resistance generation and control in wastewater and solid waste system

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global threat to ecosystems and public health. Strategies to combat it include source reduction through antibiotic stewardship programs, alternative therapeutic approaches, suppressing bacterial mutation rates through oxidative stress, constricting horizontal gene transfer through advanced oxidation processes, and developing biological control methods like bacteriophage therapy and predatory bacterial applications.