A One Health framework for global and local stewardship across the antimicrobial lifecycle

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex One Health challenge that impacts humans, animals, plants, and the environment, threatening global health, food security, and economies. Addressing it requires coordinated stewardship across the entire antimicrobial lifecycle—from research and development to production, market authorization, selection and supply, appropriate use, and final disposal—as defined by WHO, FAO, and WOAH. This comprehensive stewardship approach integrates innovation, access, responsible use, and waste management across all sectors. By embedding stewardship principles globally and locally, the proposed One Health framework aims to preserve antimicrobial effectiveness, curb resistance, and protect human and animal health, agricultural productivity, and environmental integrity.