Challenges of assessing the cost effectiveness of AMR campaigns: Considerations for policy makers

This study examines the cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) campaigns and highlights challenges in existing methodologies. It identifies challenges in measuring clinical outcomes, including broader societal impacts, capturing relevant outcomes over longer timescales, and accounting for AMR costs. The findings suggest that little methodological progress has been made in this area over the past 20 years, leaving policymakers uncertain about future investment in AMR campaigns.