Policy Makers’ Perceptions on Implementation of National Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance in South Africa and Eswatini Using Coordination, Accountability, Resourcing, Regulation and Ownership Framework (2018–2019)

This study explores policymakers’ perceptions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) implementation in South Africa and Eswatini. It found that while governance structures exist, critical areas like limited accountability, lack of dedicated national budgets, poor coordination, weak medicine regulation, and delayed multisectoral ownership need urgent attention. To effectively address AMR, both countries must allocate dedicated budgets, improve multisectoral integration, and strengthen regulatory frameworks. A commitment from all sectors is required for sustainable implementation and ownership of the NAPs.