Antimicrobial Resistance: The Hospital Based Causes- A Systematic Review

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in hospitals is driven by factors such as catheter use, prior antibiotic exposure, underlying illnesses, and patient transfers. This systematic review (2015–2025, 10 studies) assessed hospital-related risk factors and interventions. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and infection control programs consistently reduced antibiotic use and improved resistance patterns, with meta-analysis showing a favorable trend towards lower AMR (pooled OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.75–1.12). Most studies had low to moderate bias. The findings highlight the importance of AMS, infection control, and molecular surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings, to curb hospital-driven AMR.