ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN THE UNITED STATES, THE EUROPEAN UNION, AND CANADA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF POLICY APPROACHES AND PROMISING SOLUTIONS

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global burden on both low-middle- and high-income countries. Recent projections claim that the cumulative loss in economic output in OECD countries will total between $20 and $35 trillion by 2050 (O’Neill, 2014). An estimate by the World Bank Group (2017) suggests that, in the worst-case scenario, the global Gross domestic Product (GDP) growth fall due to AMR could be comparable to the 2008-2009 financial crisis.