Phenotypic Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Microorganisms Isolated From the Primary Molars of Pediatric Dental Patients Undergoing Pulp Therapy

This study investigated the microbial profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns in pediatric endodontic infections (pulp necrosis) in children aged 4–9 years. Bacterial growth was found in 68% of samples, predominantly Gram-positive cocci, with Enterococcus faecalis identified as the most common pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. While all isolates remained fully susceptible to key antibiotics such as vancomycin, linezolid, amikacin, and imipenem, variable resistance was observed to commonly used agents including macrolides, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, and β-lactams. No ESBL or carbapenem-resistant strains were detected. The findings highlight the growing challenge of multidrug resistance—particularly in E. faecalis—and underscore the importance of culture-guided therapy and rational antibiotic use to ensure effective treatment in pediatric dental care.