Integrated surveillance for antimicrobial resistance: challenges and directions

This WOAH report emphasises that integrated surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR)—across human, animal, and environmental sectors—is essential to guide effective action and preserve antimicrobial effectiveness. While the One Health approach is widely supported, its implementation remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and faces challenges such as fragmented systems, lack of coordination, and resource constraints. The report highlights the added value of integrated, cross-sectoral data for informing policy and interventions, but also identifies significant gaps in standardisation and sustainability, calling for strengthened collaboration, improved data systems, and clearer strategic direction to advance global AMR surveillance.