Which European countries use the most antibiotics?

Antibiotic use across Europe varies widely, with several countries continuing to prescribe far more antibiotics than others, raising concerns for antimicrobial resistance. On average, EU antibiotic consumption reached about 20 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants in 2024, slightly higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic and well above the EU’s 2030 reduction target of 15.9. Southern and eastern European countries, such as Greece, report the highest levels of antibiotic use, while northern countries, including the Netherlands and the Nordic states, consistently show much lower consumption. These persistent and uneven patterns indicate that Europe is not yet on track to sufficiently reduce antibiotic use, underscoring the need for stronger stewardship policies, public awareness, and harmonised action across member states.