XDR typhoid in Pakistan: A threat to global health security and a wake-up call for antimicrobial stewardship

Extensively drug-resistant typhoid (XDR) is a global health security threat, particularly in Pakistan. The misuse of antibiotics, inadequate diagnostic tools, and poor water and sanitation infrastructure contribute to antimicrobial resistance. The disease is linked to environmental contamination and international travel. The commentary advocates for an integrated approach, including improved water quality, expanded vaccination coverage, and strict antibiotic prescription audits, to contain the crisis and protect global health security.